KNOWLEDGE / LIQUIDITY AND MICROSTRUCTURE

Liquidity and microstructure

Order Book L2, spoofing, spread, slippage, liquidations and liquidity sweet.

06articles
Level 2 order books: depth, updates and executable prices
Liquidity and microstructure4 min read

Level 2 order books: depth, updates and executable prices

Level 2 generally aggregates resting quantity by price rather than identifying each individual order. It can reveal how displayed depth is distributed, but cannot fully reconstruct queue position or trader identity. A usable live book combines a starting…

  • First, define the context and horizon of the analysis.
  • Confirm your applications with independent data layers.
  • Take into account the quality of feed, spread and real cost of execution.
Read more
False walls and spoofing: observation is not proof of intent
Liquidity and microstructure4 min read

False walls and spoofing: observation is not proof of intent

A displayed order can disappear for many reasons. Spoofing involves intent, which a public snapshot generally cannot establish. Analyse observable behaviour first: repeated placement, withdrawal as price approaches, activity on the opposite side and the…

  • First, define the context and horizon of the analysis.
  • Confirm your applications with independent data layers.
  • Take into account the quality of feed, spread and real cost of execution.
Read more
Spread, fees and slippage: estimating a complete trading round trip
Liquidity and microstructure4 min read

Spread, fees and slippage: estimating a complete trading round trip

The spread is the difference between the best ask and bid; slippage compares an actual or estimated fill with a specified reference. State that reference before adding costs. If entry and exit are already simulated by walking the ask and bid sides of the…

  • Use the actual venue, quote currency and order size.
  • Show fee assumptions and avoid double-counting the spread.
  • Distinguish a chart target from a documented executable fill.
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Liquidation cascades: leverage, forced flow and incomplete visibility
Liquidity and microstructure4 min read

Liquidation cascades: leverage, forced flow and incomplete visibility

A leveraged position may be liquidated when the venue's margin conditions are breached; the relevant reference can be mark price rather than the last trade shown on a chart. Rules differ by product and margin mode. Forced closing can add directional pressure,…

  • First, define the context and horizon of the analysis.
  • Confirm your applications with independent data layers.
  • Take into account the quality of feed, spread and real cost of execution.
Read more
Liquidity sweeps: a level crossing without a guaranteed reversal
Liquidity and microstructure4 min read

Liquidity sweeps: a level crossing without a guaranteed reversal

A sweep interpretation usually starts with price moving beyond an obvious prior extreme and then examining what happens next. Stops are generally not fully visible in a public book, so the chart alone cannot prove how much hidden stop liquidity existed or who…

  • First, define the context and horizon of the analysis.
  • Confirm your applications with independent data layers.
  • Take into account the quality of feed, spread and real cost of execution.
Read more
Depth imbalance: consistent bands, persistence and execution
Liquidity and microstructure4 min read

Depth imbalance: consistent bands, persistence and execution

A common imbalance measure compares displayed bid and ask quantities, but its meaning depends on which levels are included. Ten levels can span very different price distances across pairs with different tick sizes. A fixed basis-point band around a reference…

  • First, define the context and horizon of the analysis.
  • Confirm your applications with independent data layers.
  • Take into account the quality of feed, spread and real cost of execution.
Read more